DOGODKI V RAZVOJU RAÈUNALNI©TVA | ||
|---|---|---|
| ¹tevila | ||
| abak | rimljani, kitajci, ... | |
| algoritem | grki (Evklid, Eratosten, naèrtovanje,...) AlHowarezmi, gelosia | |
| logaritmi | 1614 | John Napier |
| se¹tevalni stroj | 1623 | Wilhelm Schichard |
| raèunski stroj | 1642 | pascaline, Blaise Pascal |
| raèunski stroj, dvoji¹ka ¹tevila | 1672 | Leibniz |
| statve na luknjane plo¹èe | 1801 | J.M.Jacquard (1752-1834) |
| logiène operacije | George Boole | |
| diferenèni stroj | 1834 | Charles Babagge (1791-1871) |
| analitièni stroj | Charles Babbage | |
| prvi programer | Ada Byron, Lovelace (1815-1852) | |
| logièna vezja | C.S. Pierce | |
| raèunski stroji | 188* | Odhner(1874), Felt(1884), Burroughs(1888), Bollee (1889), Steiger(1893) |
| NCR | 1884 | National Cash Register, 1952 kupi Computer Research Corporation |
| Honeywell | 1885 | raèunalniki 1957, 1966 pridru¾i Computer Control Company, 1970 General Electric, 1987 se zdru¾i s firmama Bull in NEC |
| podatkovna luknjana kartica | 1890 | Herman Hollerith |
| elektronka | 1906 | Fessenden, De Forest |
| blagajne, raèunski stroji Principia Mathematica | 1910 | Russell, Whitehead, izjavni raèun, logiène osnove matematike |
| teorija avtomatov | 1910 | Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, 1915 ¹ahovska konènica kralj in trdnjava |
| IBM | 1911 | International Business Corporation Sprva Computing-Tabulating-Rwcording Company - nastala z zdru¾itvijo Hollerithove firme in International Time Recording Company. Raèunalni¹tvo 1953 z IBM 701 |
| RUR | 1921 | igra, Karel Èapek, uprizoritev v Pragi upor robotov -> izgradnja robotov |
| Metropolis | 1927 | film, Fritz Lang, prevlada strojev |
| analogni raèunalniki | 192* | konec 20, Bush za re¹evanje diferencialnih enaèb |
| servomehanizmi | 1930 | upravljalni elementi, teorija H.L. Hazen 1934 |
| Goedelovi izdelki | 1931 | rekurzivna aritmetika |
| povezovanje strojev | 1933 | Eckert, veè strojev pove¾e v celoto, kasneje doda upravno enoto - mehanskega programa |
| teorija izraèunljivosti | 1936 | Church, Turing, Post programirani mehanièni |
| raèunski stroj Z1 | 1963 | Konrad Zuse |
| se¹tevalnik | 1937 | Shannon, Stibitz (neodvisno) |
| Input-Output | 1937 | model ekonomije, Leontief |
| HP | 1939 | Hewlett-Packard Company, raèunalniki 1966 |
| vojna | 194* | operacijske raziskave, kriptografija |
| relejni raèunalnik Z3 | 1941 | Konrad Zuse |
| ABC | 1942 | raèunalnik na elektronke, John Atanasoff, Clifford Berry |
| ballistic computer | 1943 | G. Stibitz, Bell Labs |
| MARK | 1944 | Automatic Sequenc Controlled Calculator Howard Aiken, Harvard, prvi digitalni raèunalnik |
| EDVAC | 1945 | John von Neumann, naèrt raèunalnika, program je tudi podatek |
| ENIAC | 1946 | Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator, prvi elektronski raèunalnik, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchly, University of Pennsylvania, 1948 von Neumannov |
| plan calculus | 1946 | Zuse, prvi vi¹ji programski jezik |
| model V | 1946 | Stibitz, streli¹èe Aberdeen |
| ACM | 1947 | zdru¾enje, Association for Computing Machinry |
| tranzistor | 1947 | John Baedeen, Walter Braittain, William Schockly, Bell Labs |
| SSEC | 1948 | Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator, John P. Eckert, IBM, prvi za komercioalno rabo |
| feritni pomnilnik | 1948 | An Wang, prevladajo konec 50 |
| teorija informacij | 1948 | Claude E. Shannon |
| kibernetika | 1948 | Norbert Wiener |
| umetna inteligenca | 1948 | Turing, Shannon - ¹ah in druge igre |
| MADM | 1949 | Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calcilator, eden prvih pravih raèunalnikov, Maurice Wilkes, Cambridge, Anglija |
| Whirlwind | 1951 | Jay W. Forrster, uporaba feritnih pomnilnikov, delo v realnem èasu |
| IAS | 1951 | Institute for Advanced Study Computer, prednik MANIACa in ILLIACa |
| UNIVAC I | 1951 | UNIVersal Automatic Computer, 1. generacija, elektronke; prvi raèunalnik izdelan v veèih izvodih, Bureau of the Census, 1954 General Electric |
| ILLIAC | ||
| MANIAC | Mathematical Analyzer, Numerrical Integrator And Computer | |
| IBM 1401, Honeywell 800 | 195* | 2.generacija, tranzistorji |
| fortran | 1954 | FORmula TRANslator, prvi vi¹ji programski jezik |
| RAMAC | 1956 | IBM, prvi raèunalnik z diskom |
| laser | 1957 | Gordon Gould (cd,tisk: IBM, 1975; HP 1984) |
| CDC | 1957 | Control Data Corporation |
| SAGE Air Defense System | 1958 | po 6 letih razvoja dan v uporabo |
| algol | 1958 | ALGOrithmic Laguage |
| PDP | 1959 | Programnmed Data Processor, dru¾ina DECovih raèunalnikov |
| Backus-Naurova oblika | 1959 | John Backus, Peter Naur -> teorija (programskih) jezikov |
| cobol | 1960 | COmmon Business Oriented Language |
| lisp | 1960 | LISt Procesing, John McCarthy |
| tekoèe delo | 1960 | Bethlehem Steel uvede tekoèe obdelave naroèil in zalog; Bank of America uvede avtomatsko obdelavo èekov |
| STRETCH | 1961 | IBM, prvi superraèunalnik, tranzistorji, Los Alamos |
| Daily Oklahoma | 1963 | prvi raèunalni¹ko urejan èasopis |
| SABRE | 1964 | IBM, rezervacije letalskih vozovnic |
| basic | 1964 | Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, John Kemeny, Thomas Kurtz |
| tiskana vezja | 196? | Jack Kilby (Texas Inst.), Robert Noyce (Fairchild) |
| IBM 360, CDC 6400 | 1964 | 3.generacija, tiskana vezja |
| elektronski kalkulator | 1965 | Wang |
| logo | 196* | konec 60, Seymour Papert |
| strukturirano programiranje | 196* | konec 60, Dijkstra, Wirth, Hoare, Naur, metodologija programiranje -> CASE |
| ARCNET | 1968 | prva lokalna mre¾a |
| spss | 1969 | Statistical Package for Social Science, Norman Nie |
| C, unix | 1969 | Ken Thompson, Denis Ritchie |
| mikroprocesor, èip | 1971 | Ted Hoff, Intel |
| NP-polnost | 197* | zaèetek 70, Karp, Cook |
| pascal | 1971 | Niklaus Wirth |
| Cray Rasearch | 1972 | super raèunalnik¹ko podjetje |
| prolog | 1973 | PROgraming in LOGic, Francija |
| ALTAIR, mikroraèunalnik | 1974 | Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry System |
| ada | 197? | |
| Microsoft | 1975 | Paul Allen, Bill Gates; MBasic, MS-DOS |
| APPLE | 1976 | Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs; Lisa(1983); Macintosh (1984), User Interface, Xerox 1981 -> Gem, Windows |
| Tandy | 1977 | ameri¹ki hi¹ni raèunalnik |
| VAX | 1977 | Virtual Adresa eXtension, dru¾ina DECovih raèunalnikov |
| WordStar | 1978 | urejevalnik besedil |
| Modula-2 | 1979 | Wirth, izbolj¹ava pascala |
| CP/M | 1980 | konec 70, Control Program for Microcomputers, Kildall, Digital Research C. |
| ZX-80, Spectrum | 1980 | Sinclar |
| Apollo | 1980 | Prva delovna postaja |
| dBase | 1981 | podatkovna baza, Wayne Ratliff, Ashton-Tate |
| gibki disk | 198* | 360K (1981), 1.2M (1984), 720K (1986), 1.44M (1987) |
| IBM PC | 1981 | PC (avg 1981), (Personal Computer), XT (mar 1983), AT (avg 1984),(Advanced Tecdnology), PS/2 (avg 1987), (Personal System) |
| Commodore | 1982 | 64 (1982), 128 (1986), Amiga |
| Lotus 1-2-3 | 1982 | razpredelnica, prva VisiCalc, Apple 1978 |
| MIDI | 1983 | Musical Instrument Digital Interface |
| Ethernet | 198* | lokalna mre¾a (Xerox, Digital, Intel) -> standard IEEE802.3 |
| Cray Y-MP | 1988 | èez milijardo raèunskih operacij na sekundo |
| optièna vlakna | ||
| optièni raèunalniki | ||
| bio-èipi | ||
| standardi | ||
| postscript | ||
